夏威夷的历史？

夏威夷总面积 6

425 平方公里，还不到台湾的分之一。人口】 目前有 110 万人口居住在夏威夷群岛上，白人占 1/3，日本人占 1/4，中国人、韩国人、菲律宾人、西班牙、葡萄牙人、波里尼西亚人均占相当比例。第二及第三代移民已完全美国化。同时各种族通婚的结果，也出现大批的混血新生代。 【语言】 夏威夷的官方语言有二种，英语及夏威夷语；但主要仍以英语为日常生活所使用的语言。 【文化】 在夏威夷主要文化的代表还是太平洋上的波里尼西亚文化。一些传统的服装、歌曲、手工艺品到处可见。例如男士所穿着的阿罗哈衬衫zAolha Shirt{，女士所穿的宽松连身洋装「姆姆」zMuumuu{以及处处可见的花环zLei{都是夏威夷传统文化之一。 【地理位置】 夏威夷位在亚洲与北美洲之间的太平洋上。整个夏威夷均在北回归线以南，包括八个火山群岛： 一、【欧胡岛】（Oahu Island） 欧胡岛也许是世界上最变化多端和激动人心的渡假地。它有国际性大都市的魅力气息，也具有大自然最 美和最浪漫的结合。 1、文化 Culture 大主教博物馆收藏了两千万件藏品，包括由羽毛编成的皇家披肩和打仗用的可怕的武器。博物馆有引人 入胜的夏威夷的历史介绍，从第一个波利尼亚探险者的独大舟时代到太空车在月球表面的登陆。每天还 有制作传统的夏威夷手工艺品免费教授。 2、面积:594平方英里；长 44英里，宽 30英里。 3、 人口:863

100。 4、地理:Kaala 峰z4

003英尺{，海岸线：112英里。 5、岛上交通~~~ 租车是最好的选择。您的旅馆和威基基区虽然会提供您一个完善的渡假区，但是要真正体验欧胡岛天堂般的享受，还是驾车四处漫游最好。 租车－所有的租车公司在欧胡岛皆有据点，您可租到任何一种车型，从一般的庭式小轿车到世界级顶尖的跑车z如 Lambhini{都有。 公共汽车－这是一种经济的旅游方式，您可乘坐公共汽车环岛一圈，只需一美元。威基基观巴士－每天早上 8:30 到下午 6:30 在夏威夷皇家购物中心zRryal Hawaii Shopping Center{，有威基基观光巴士zWaikiki Trolley{可搭乘。每隔二十分钟一班车，载您到市中心及威基基二十个观光景点。巴士上有导游解说，您只需购买一张车票后，即可在当日享受自由上下各个旅游点之权利。 二、【茂宜岛】（Maui Island） 百般不同的大自然美景和多多采的的游乐活使得茂宜岛成为一个非常受欢迎旅游点。祗要来体验一下， 便可以证实这一说法。正如夏威夷语：「Mau"i No Ka"Oi」意思是茂宜岛最棒。 1、文化 Culture: Lahaina 曾是早期皇家都城和19世纪大部分时间的太平洋捕鲸业的中心，可以看到茂宜岛上的极佳远景。 在过去的传教士时期和捕鲸业全胜期，Lahaina 港为在海上航行了多月的捕鲸船提供补纶和休息。 2、面积:729平方英里；长 48英里，宽 26英里。 3、人口:103

000人。 三、【夏威夷岛】（Hawaii Island，又俗称大岛 Big Island） 夏威夷是1500年前波尼西亚人第一次登上这个岛时给它起的名字。而现在，人们往往用夏威夷来代表整个州，所以当地居民就用「大岛」来称呼这座夏威夷州最大的岛屿。 1、文化 Culture 大岛有十几家别致的小型博物馆和数不清的特色庭院。还有岛上几个古老遗迹目前也已开于给旅客参观，它能带给您对夏威夷文化及历史更深入的了解。 2、面积 4

028平方英里哩；长度：93英里，宽度：76英里。它是由五个巨大的火山经历长期喷发所形成。大岛的面积大小是全夏威夷群岛其他岛屿加起来的两倍大。更具体而言，大岛是美国德拉威州近两倍的大小，三倍于美国东北握帆部罗德岛（Rhode lsland），也差不多是卢森堡的三倍大。 3、地理 最高点：Mauna Keaz13

796英尺{，海岸线：266海里。。 4、人口 总人口数：137

531。夏威夷族裔的祖先于南端段衡雹卡拉也（拦首Ka Lae）登陆，在与西方世界开始接触的一千多年前，他们就发展出自己的文明。而夏威夷岛也是一个来自界各国商人与补鲸业者汇集于此的繁忙海港。华人是最早一批移民到此的其他族裔，紧接着是日本人、葡萄牙人、菲律宾人、，萨摩亚人、琉球人、韩国人及波多黎各人，主要是制糖工业吸引他们来此工作。在大岛上的居非常珍视他们的文化遗产，到处都可见不同族裔对自身文化的骄傲感，而这种感觉表现在食物、风俗习惯、建筑、语言、民俗、艺品，及生活方式上。 夏威夷岛多种族裔、多样文化的居民，为此地创造出令人着迷多重面貌之艺术、文化、食物、庆典及历史。 四、【可爱岛】（Kauai Island） 可爱岛翡翠色的美景，会让你感觉它已经捕获了自然界的所有风景，它以一种几乎神秘的方式摄取你的心灵，让你迷惑。乘座直升机欣赏那丝带般泻下的瀑布，由上空俯瞰它那峻峭的悬崖，或是在清晨留下您当天的第一个脚印于那原始的沙滩时，你将会受到她的魔力，让你流连往返。 1、历史 History 作为夏威夷群主要的岛屿中最古老的一个岛，传说中可爱岛的居者包括最初的夏威夷的神或晚一点的 Menehune 以及后来神话里的小人，他们在晚上把这个不规则之处建成了靠近 Hanapepe 的两边布满岩石的 Menehune Ditch 水渠。从公元1090年到1240年大溪地人在岛上定居的证据，还可以从矗立在 Wailua River 边保存良好的 Poliahu Heiau 寺庙的残骸中看到。一直到几百年后，詹母斯船长zCaptain James Cook{于1778年在 Waimea 登陆，一座小型的纪念碑和雕象纪念了他的这一发现。 2、文化 Culture 可爱岛的博物馆绝对会令你的旅途更添特别之处。他们可让你了解可爱岛的文化和历史；Grove Farm Homestead 博物馆可以让你认识一下19世纪种植园的生活；Koke"e Museum 博物馆是 Kaua"i Coffee Visitor Center and Museum 在两个经过装修的植种园房子里收藏着和咖啡有关的古董和工艺品。 3、面积 533平方英里；长度：33英里，宽度：25英里。 4、人口 52000。 五、【莫洛凯岛】（Molokai Island） 莫洛凯岛古代的名字是zMoloka"i Hakes{，是强大的祈祷者的意思。莫洛凯人免于战争的创伤，主要是因为对岛上神父统治者的恐惧和尊重。今天，这种精神已经融入到岛上的生活之中，使得莫洛凯与众不同，成为那些厌倦了城市生活的人的一个精神避难所，冒险者的天堂。在它的奇特风景中，有世界最高的海崖、夏威夷最长的瀑布和最大的白沙海滩。 1、文化 Culture 最具夏威夷风味的岛屿zThe Most Hawaiian lsland{在热带阳光普照的摩洛凯岛上，您会发现一个远离尘嚣与快节奏现代生活，以及充满天然美景与丰富文化内涵的生活方式。从徜徉在岛上绵延数英哩未遭文明「破坏」、人迹稀少的白净海滩，到驾船游憩隐蔽之极、无路可通的自然荒野，您所经验的将不只是令人叹为观止的天然美景，也是终日无所事事的纯粹休闲。 2、莫裙舞的发源地 莫洛凯岛是 hula 莫裙舞的发源地。第一次的表演是于西莫洛凯山坡的一个名为 Kaana 的地方。 3、面积: 260平方英里；长度：38英里，宽度：10英里。 4、人口:6

717人。莫洛凯岛在夏威夷列岛中的夏威夷原居民百份率是最高的。 5、地理: 最高点：卡玛卡奥峰 Kamakou Peakz4961英尺{，海岸线：8英里。摩洛凯岛是夏威夷岛的第五大岛，岛上的最西端与欧胡岛仅有22海芍！Ｈ撼38英哩、宽10英哩，拥有88英哩长的天然海岸线，岛上任何一处距离海边都不会超过5英哩远。根据科学家的考证证，摩洛凯岛形成年代超过两百万年，东、西两座火山的喷发活动造就了此岛中地区富饶可耕的平原土地，岛上居民迄今仍受其惠。

Hawaii (ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi: Hawaiʻi) became the 50th state of the United States on August 21

1959. It is situated in the North Pacific Ocean

2

300 miles (3

700 km) from the mainland

at 21°18′41″N

157°47′47″W. During roughly 1778C1898

Hawaii was also known as the Sandwich Islands. In dialects of American English

Hawaii is pronounced at least three different ways: (IPA pronunciation: [hə.ˈwaɪ.ji]

[hə.ˈwaɪ.i]

[hə.ˈwaɪ.ʔi]). In the Hawaiian language

there is also some variation possible

but the most general pronunciation is [hə.ˈwəi.ʔi]. Hawaii was first inhabited in roughly AD 1000

by Polynesian settlers who came from islands in the South Pacific

most likely the Marquesas. For nearly 800 years

the people of Hawaii lived in a plex caste society erned by various warring chiefdoms and an extensive system of religious and social taboos called the kapu system. British explorer James Cook chanced upon the Hawaiian archipelago in 1778 in what is monly assumed to be the first European contact with Hawaii

however

substantial evidence (Stokes 1932 for example) exists of earlier Spaniard visits to Hawaii. With the help of foreign advisors and weapons

a Hawaiian warrior known as Kamehameha began a gradual ascent to power. Before his death in 1819

Kamehameha had succeeded in conquering (through military force

or in the case of Kauai and Niihau

by other political me) all of the major Hawaiian islands

a feat never before acplished in the history of the islands. The kingdom established by Kamehameha lasted until 1893

when the last Hawaiian monarch

Liliuokalani

was overthrown in a coup led by supporters of the Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom and replaced by a Provisional Government

and later a Republic. During the kingdom and republic era

Hawaii"s economy tritioned from that of an isolated state into that of a state integrated into the world"s free market

producing and exporting more than o hundred thousand tons of sugar annually[2]. In 1898

Hawaii was annexed to the United States of America and attained statehood in 1959. Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States

and would be the westernmost

if not for Alaska. It is one of the only o states (Alaska being the other) that are outside the contiguous United States

and do not share a border with another U.S. state. Hawaii is the only state that: (1) is without territory on the mainland of any continent; (2) is pletely surrounded by water; and (3) continues to grow in area because of active extrusive lava flows

most notably from Kilauea (Kīlauea). Except for Easter Island

Hawaii is the furthest from any other body of land in the world. Hawaii"s tallest mountain stands over 13

000 feet (4

000 meters).

Hawaii History Main article: History of Hawaii [edit] Hawaiian antiquity Main articles: Ancient Hawaii

Hawaiian mythology

Polynesian mythology Anthropologists believe that Polynesi from the Marquesas and Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time after AD 300-500

although recent evidence has pointed to an initial settlement of as late as 800-1000. It is not resolved whether there was only one extended or o isolated periods of settlement. The latter view of an initial Marquesan settlement

followed by isolation and Tahitian settlers in approximately 1300 who conquered and eliminated the original inhabitants of the islands

is hinted at in folk tales

like the stories of Hawaiiloa (Hawaiʻiloa)

Paao (Pāʻao)

and menehunes. There is a theory that: (1) there was only one extended period during which groups of immigrants repeatedly arrived; and (2) contact with their former homelands was not lost until the early 2nd millennium. This theory has bee more accepted among some scientists

as direct evidence for a massive conquest and a sudden replacement of cultural practices has not been found in the archaeological record. Voyaging beeen Hawaii and the South Pacific apparently ceased with no explanation several centuries before the arrival of the Europe (although at that time

there seems to have been a general decline in overseas trade and voyaging across Polynesia; see Henderson Island). Local chiefs

called alii (aliʻi)

ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their munities from predatory rivals. Warfare was endemic. The general trend was toward chiefdoms of increasing size

even enpassing whole islands. Vague reports by various European explorers suggest that Hawaii was visited by foreigners well before[citation needed] the 1778 arrival of British explorer Captain James Cook. Histori credited Cook with the discovery after he was the first to plot and publish the geographical coordinates of the Hawaiian Islands. Cook named his discovery the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his sponsors

John Montagu

4th Earl of Sandwich

and reported the native name as Owyhee. His visit is confirmed by Hawaiian legends that called for a fair-skinned man ― the god Lono ― to return to the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii initially believed Cook to be this legendary visitor. It is possible that Portuguese or Spanish ships could have previously visited the islands

leading to the tale that Lono had promised to return to the islands. mORE IN en. *** /wiki/Hawaii#History (pLEASE CHOOSE ME...HHEE^_____^)